Journal: The American journal of clinical nutrition

Article Title: Yogurt improves insulin resistance and liver fat in obese women with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled trial.

doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy358

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIGURE 3 Effects of yogurt intervention on integrative metabolisms. (A) The framework of the most robust structural equation modeling with standardized regression coefficients. Arrows indicate significant associations in the model. ∗P < 0.05. (B) Effects of yogurt intervention on liver, gut, adipose tissue, and circulation systems. ALT, alanine aminotransferase; FGF21, fibroblast growth factor 21; FM, fat mass; GSH-Px, glutathione peroxidase; HFF, hepatic fat fraction; IHL, intrahepatic lipid; SOD, superoxide dismutase; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides;Vaspin, human visceral adipose–specific serine protease inhibitor; WC, waist circumference.

Article Snippet: The concentrations of secondary serum cytokines and biomarkers were measured with ELISA kits sourced as follows: TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and visceral adipose-specific serine protease inhibitor (vaspin) (Cusabio); Creactive protein (Biocheck); fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and adiponectin (Abcam); intracellular adhesion molecule 1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (BPRO); and LPS (Crodis biotech) (see the Supplemental Methods for catalog numbers of the commercial assay kits).

Techniques: Protease Inhibitor

Journal: Heliyon

Article Title: A standardized pomegranate fruit extract ameliorates thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis in rats via AGE-RAGE-ROS signaling

doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14256

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of pomegranate fruit extract (PFE, 150 mg/kg/day, orally) on hepatic levels of AGEs (A and B) and hepatic RAGE expression (C) in thioacetamide (THIO)-administered rats. Data are presented as means ± SEM, n = 8 /group. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.001 vs. control group. ## , P < 0.001 vs. THIO group. AGE, advanced glycation end-products; RAGE, receptors for advanced glycation end-products.

Article Snippet: Commercially-available Rat ELISA kits were used for the determination of serum HA (catalog number CSB-E08120r, Cusabio, China) and hepatic levels of AGEs (catalog number CSB-E09413r, Cusabio, China), RAGE (catalog number EK0971, PicoKineTM, Boster Biological Technology, CA, USA), laminin (catalog number MBS824860, MyBioSource, California, USA), collagen type IV (catalog number SEA180Ra, Cloud-Clone Corp, Houston, TX, USA), TGF-β1 (catalog number 501125468, Platinum, eBioscience, San Diego, CA) and TIMP-1 (catalog number BEK1209, Chongqing Biospes Co., Chongqing, China), following the manufacturer's instructions.

Techniques: Expressing, Control

Journal: Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Article Title: Yangqing Chenfei formula (养清尘肺方) alleviates crystalline silica induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis by suppressing macrophage polarization

doi: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.20230517.003

Figure Lengend Snippet: MH-S were treated with different segments of YCF (100 μg/mL YCF1-5) for 3-6 h, and exposed to IFN-γ (2 ng/mL) + LPS (100 ng/mL) or IL-4 (20 ng/mL) for 12 h. A: RT-qPCR was applied to determine the mRNA expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and COX-2 in M1 macrophages. MH-S were treated with different segments of YCF (100 μg/mL YCF1-5) for 3-6 h, and exposed to IFN-γ (2 ng/mL) + LPS (100 ng/mL) for 12 h. B: RT-qPCR was applied to determine the mRNA expressions of Arg-1 and CD206 in M2 macrophages; C: Protein expressions of CD206 and Arg-1 in M2 macrophages were detected by Western blotting; MH-S were treated with different segments of YCF (100 μg/mL YCF1-5) for 3-6 h, and exposed to IL-4 (20 ng/mL) for 12 h. GAPDH was used as the control. All data were showed as the mean ± standard deviation (n = 3). aP < 0.01, vs control macrophages; bP < 0.01, vs model macrophages. D: protein levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in the culture medium were determined by ELISA; E: mRNA expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and COX-2 in M1 macrophages. F: Western blotting assay was used to determine the protein expressions of p-JNK, JNK, p-ERK, ERK, p-P38, P38, p-P65, and P65 in M1 macrophages; MH-S were treated with different concentrations of YCF5 (100, 50, 25 μg/mL) for 3-6 h, and exposed to IFN-γ (2 ng/mL) + LPS (100 ng/mL) for 12 h. GAPDH was used as the control. Control: normal macrophages; Model: IFN-γ + LPS or IL-4 induced macrophages; YCF5 100, 50, 25 μg/mL: Macrophages treated with different concentrations of YCF5 (100, 50, 25 μg/mL). YCF: Yangqing Chenfei formula; TET: tetrandrine; MH-S: murine alveolar macrophage cell line; LPS: lipopolysaccharides; IFN-γ: interferon-gamma; IL-4: interleukin-4; RT-qPCR: real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase; ELISA: enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; p-JNK: phosphorylated C-Jun kinase enzyme; JNK: C-Jun kinase enzyme; p-ERK: phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinases; ERK: extracellular signal regulated kinases; IL-1β: interleukin-1 beta; IL-6: interleukin-6; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-alpha; COX-2: cyclooxygenase-2. Arg-1: arginase-1; CD206: macrophage mannose receptor 1. All data were showed as the mean ± standard deviation (n = 3). aP < 0.05, bP < 0.01, vs Control macrophages; cP < 0.05, dP < 0.01, vs model macrophages.

Article Snippet: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Rat IL-1β high sensitivity ELISA kit (Cat. EK301BHS-24) was purchased from MultiSciences (Hangzhou, China), Rat IL-6 ELISA kit (Cat. 550319) from BD Biosciences Pharmingen (San Diego, CA, USA), and Rat TNF-α ELISA kit (Cat. 438204) from BioLegend (San Diego, CA, USA).

Techniques: Quantitative RT-PCR, Western Blot, Standard Deviation, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction